1. Mixing, bagging and sterilizing.
① Mixing ingredients.
Stir the culture material evenly according to the formula ratio. The culture material needs to be pre-wet for 6 to 8 hours, and the culture material can be saturated with water as the standard. Measure the moisture, and the standard for the moisture content of the culture material is 60%. The easiest way to test is to grasp the material with your hands and hold it firmly. There will be water marks between your fingers, but not dripping, and the water content can reach the standard.
②Bagging.
If conditions permit, bagging machinery can be purchased (or leased), and the mixed culture material can be packed into plastic bags. Mechanical bagging is time-saving, labor-saving, labor-saving, the bagging quality is good, the elasticity is suitable, and the weight is uniform. Manual bagging is also possible, but manual bagging is slower and the tightness is different, which may cost more than machinery.
③ Sterilization.
Find a flat area with a large enough area to place the prepared boiler and the welded iron grate. The distance between the boiler and the grate is 2 to 3 meters. After placement, perform the following operations:
A. Stack the packed culture bags on the grate (a grate with a diameter of 3 meters can put up to 3000 bags). Place the thermometer probe in the position least likely to be heated during bag placement. Cover the wrapper with a greenhouse film. The circle of the greenhouse film in contact with the ground shall be compacted with soil, and airtight shall be the standard. A simple sterilization chamber is built.
B. One end of the hose is connected to the air outlet of the atmospheric boiler, and the other end is inserted into the lower part of the grate along the ground. The best insertion position is to pass through the center of the grate; the insertion length is best to be close to the diameter of the grate, and it is best to make small holes on the insertion part irregularly.
C. Add water to the boiler, charge coal and ignite it. After the water is boiled, the steam enters the sterilization chamber through the pipe from the air outlet and is evenly released through the small holes in the pipe. Observe the thermometer. When the temperature in the sterilization chamber reaches 100°C, keep it for 12 hours and stop the furnace. Simmer the pot for 6-8 hours, take out the material bag, and transport it into the greenhouse while it is hot (the greenhouse must be opened 24 hours in advance to release the harmful gas generated during fumigation).
2. vaccination.
Inoculation can be carried out when the temperature of the material bag transported into the greenhouse drops below 28°C. The following matters must be paid attention to during the inoculation process.
①The outer clothing worn by the vaccinators and those entering the shed, including shoes, hats, gloves, etc., must be sterilized. And wear a disinfected mask (the best one for medical use).
②All the inoculation tools (knife, spatula, tie-up rope) must be sterilized.
③ Enter the vaccination site, before preparing for vaccination, wipe the gloves worn by the vaccination site with 75% alcohol, and then perform vaccination.
④When inoculating, the bacteria should be evenly distributed on the surface of the material. After the inoculation, the bag mouth should be tied immediately, and the tightness is appropriate, the gap can enter the air, and it is not conducive to the floating of dust and other debris.
⑤ After the inoculation, the bacteria bags should not be stacked too high or too dense, and the space should be large enough, and it is best to distribute them.
3. nourish bacteria.
After the inoculation is completed, the planting begins to enter the cultivation period, and the following points should be mastered during the cultivation period.
①For the bacteria bag that has just been inoculated, it is necessary to carefully observe its temperature changes. The culture period is a fermentation process of the culture material, which will release heat and increase the temperature of the bacteria bag. Once the temperature exceeds 30°C, burn bacteria will occur. , That is, high temperature will burn the bacteria to death. During the observation, once the temperature of the bacteria bag is found to exceed 28°C, the place should be ventilated and cooled immediately, and the stacked material bags should be inverted to dissipate the temperature. In an emergency, the bacteria can be removed.
② During the cultivation period, the temperature in the shed should be kept at 20-25℃, preferably at 22-25℃. This temperature is most suitable for mycelium germination and growth, the mycelium grows strong, and the feeding speed is fast. If the temperature is too high, ventilate to reduce the temperature or reduce the height of heat preservation and be rolled up to cool down.
③During the cultivation period, the air in the shed should be kept at about 70%, and the humidity should be sprayed and humidified in time if the humidity is lower than this. However, do not exceed 75%. If the humidity is too high, the bacteria will be active if the high temperature is encountered, which will make the bag easy to be infected with bacteria.
④During the cultivation period, keep the shed as dark as possible. The mycelium can grow normally in the dark. If the light is too strong, it will inhibit the growth of the mycelium.
⑤ During the cultivation period, ventilation should not be too frequent. There is a certain concentration of carbon dioxide in the shed to promote the growth of mycelium. Generally, ventilation for half an hour at noon is enough.
4. fruiting.
The culture period is generally about 28 to 35 days. At this time, the mycelium is full of fungus bags. When the number of mycelium is over 90%, the fungus bag can be opened, ready for fruiting, and planting enters the fruiting period. . During the fruiting period, the following management should be done.
①In the initial stage, control the temperature change, increase the temperature difference, and stimulate the mycelium to bud. In the daytime, raise the height of the heat preservation blanket and increase the light. Increase the temperature of the shed to 27～28°C (not exceeding 28°C). At night, use ventilation to lower the temperature to about 18°C. In this way, in about 1 week, the upper part of the bacteria bag will be filled. The primordium appears on the surface, and the growth is divided into two stages at this time.
A, mulberry period. That is, the primordium on the surface of the bag material is white granular, densely arranged together, which looks exactly like mulberry, so it is called the mulberry stage.
B, the coral period. After 5 to 7 days of growth in the mulberry stage, the white particles grow into short stalks with uneven heights and gather together to resemble corals, so it is called the coral stage.
C. After the coral stage appears for 2 to 3 days, the shape of the oyster mushroom appears. After another 2 to 3 days, it can be picked.
②In the fruiting period, the relative humidity in the shed should be kept at about 85%, which is suitable for the growth of fruit bodies.
③In the fruiting period, adjust the lighting in the shed to make the shed under weak scattered light irradiation.
④In the fruiting period, increase the ventilation in the shed to ensure that the air in the shed is fresh and contains sufficient oxygen to ensure the oxygen supply consumed by the fruit body to breathe.
5. picking.
Pleurotus ostreatus can be picked 2 to 3 days after forming, and the planting process enters the picking period. The following points should be noted during the picking period.
①Stop humidifying the day before picking. This can reduce the moisture content of the picked mushrooms, improve their flexibility, facilitate transportation, and extend the shelf life.
②When picking, the technique should be light and steady, and don't hurt the newly formed buds and young mushrooms in the growing state.
The cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus takes a long time for a planting cycle. Generally, the bacteria bags will be put into the shed in October this year, and it will not end until 6 copies of the following year. It takes 7 to 8 months. It has experienced severe winters and hot summers. Install anti-insect nets in vents, doors and other places, and set up sticky boards and insect-killing lights in the shed to prevent mushroom mosquitoes, mushroom flies, gall mosquitoes and other pests and their pests.
