1. Level the land and balance fertilization
Greenhouse vegetable planting requirements are relatively high, both in terms of soil quality and fertilization management have high requirements, which need to be based on a scientific point of view [3]. The vegetable land selected for planting should be level and fine, and the land should be renovated, fertilized, and weeded before planting. Because the temperature in the greenhouse is different from the outside world, proper amount of fertilization is required to avoid soil deterioration caused by excessive fertilization. Appropriately increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and reduce the use of nitrogen fertilizers.
2. Choose a reasonable shed structure
In general, choose a shed with a span of 8-12m and a greenhouse length of 60-120m, with three soil walls and three rows of columns. It is best to use bamboo or steel stands on the columns. Use a non-drip film to cover the shed to increase the temperature in the shed.
3. Variety selection
The best choice can be those with low temperature tolerance, low light requirements, strong resistance, high humidity tolerance, high yield, and short planting time. Only high yield and good quality of greenhouse vegetables can meet market demand and improve economic efficiency. Such as planting cucumbers, tomatoes, green peppers and so on.
4. Reasonable use of "shed air" to regulate temperature and humidity
In the process of planting vegetables in greenhouses, because the greenhouses are closed, some harmful substances are easily produced, which damages the growth rate of vegetables. Therefore, it is necessary to control shed gas correctly and use shed gas rationally. In the morning, the vegetables in the greenhouse are relatively lack of carbon dioxide, and CO gas fertilizer should be appropriately supplemented to promote the growth of vegetables. When the temperature is high in the noon, properly open the vent (2) for ventilation to avoid harmful gases from harming vegetables [4]. The greenhouse vegetables selected for planting are mainly temperature-loving types, the best temperature is 25℃～33℃, the maximum survival temperature cannot exceed 44°, and the minimum cannot be below 0°. When the temperature exceeds 33°C, the temperature should be lowered. Regular open shed ventilation, ventilation holes, spray, etc. can be used. When the temperature is lower than 0°C, heating treatment, such as hot air heating, etc. shall be given. Pay attention to control the humidity in the shed to avoid excessive humidity affecting the growth of vegetables. Therefore, frequent ventilation is required to improve the humidity in the greenhouse.
5. Drip irrigation under the film
The evaporation and diffusion of water in the greenhouse is relatively slow. The evaporation rate of many greenhouse vegetables is half of the evaporation rate grown outside, especially in the evening, cloudy and winter, the humidity of the air is already in a saturated state. The high humidity in the greenhouse seriously affects the growth of vegetables. Therefore, greenhouse vegetables can be irrigated by drip irrigation under the film. This method can not only greatly improve the environment in the shed, but also control the humidity within the normal range, maintain the temperature in the shed, reduce the incidence of disease, and the yield of vegetables. Has also been promoted. Drip irrigation under the film is an economical, convenient and effective irrigation method.
6. Scientifically fight drugs and cure diseases
Since vegetables are prone to produce pests during the growth process, the main control methods are spraying pesticides and comprehensive control. Common pests include cutworms and aphids. To choose a scientific drug for deworming, it must be the right time and a good drug. Under normal circumstances, choose to contain copper and zinc agents. This kind of medicine can not only super sterilize, but also increase the resistance of vegetables, effectively promote the growth of crops; maintain a good ecological environment, reduce humidity, and control the growth of pests and diseases. Reduce the frequency of spraying; soil-borne bacteria are serious pathogens. If they are not well controlled in the early stage, the growing vegetables will be contaminated by pathogens. Therefore, attention should be paid to the prevention at the seedling stage; physical prevention and control, such as deep ploughing and deep plowing, variety selection, etc. . When diseases of varying degrees appear, symptomatic treatment and scientific drug delivery are required.
