The planting design of glass greenhouses mainly includes three aspects:
One is the construction of greenhouse hardware system, including automation equipment for light, temperature, heat, and moisture regulation;
1. Top-opening natural ventilation system The top-opening system is installed on the roof ridge of the glass greenhouse. It is opened by a gear and rack limit motor. Press the open button, the top window opens and automatically stops at the appropriate position, press the close button, the top window Close and stop at the closed contact. The top windows are equipped with anti-insect nets to prevent pests from entering the room. When the temperature is high, open the top windows, and the indoor air will generate convection to reduce the indoor temperature. The ventilation system can promote the exchange of air inside and outside the greenhouse and reduce the temperature inside the greenhouse. In summer, the working time of the cooling system (fans, water pumps) can be greatly reduced, thereby reducing the electrical energy consumption of the greenhouse and operating costs.
2. Inner shading and thermal insulation system The glass greenhouse can improve the growth environment of crops in many ways and ensure the rational use of sunlight. The aluminum foil sunshade screen can reflect the excess light to the outdoors, avoid the heat absorption of the curtain and increase the room temperature; reduce the excess or excessive light entering the greenhouse, reduce the greenhouse effect, and reduce the surface temperature of the crop. After the sunshade system is installed in the greenhouse, the indoor temperature in summer can be lowered by 2℃~7℃ than the outdoor temperature. When used in conjunction with the fan wet curtain, the cooling effect is better. In addition to cooling in summer, in winter, after the night heat preservation curtain is unfolded, it can effectively prevent infrared rays from escaping, thus playing a role in heat preservation and energy saving. Generally, it can save energy by more than 30%.
3. External shading system Glass greenhouse In summer, after the shading net is unfolded, the hot sun shines on the net, the ultraviolet rays are absorbed on the net surface, and the heat is blocked outside the net. The principle of convection of hot and cold air achieves the function of heat insulation and heat dissipation, thereby maintaining the coolness of the net. No electricity and no refrigerant are used, and the temperature adjustment effect of cool summer can be obtained. In the hot summer, the temperature can be reduced by 8℃ to 10℃, the higher the temperature (lower), the more obvious the effect of temperature adjustment.
4. Wet curtain fan system Glass greenhouse This system is composed of fans and water curtains. It is a forced cooling system designed using the principle of natural water evaporation and cooling. The system provides a surface that allows water to vaporize, and has a water supply system to keep the surface moist, and a ventilation device that allows air to pass through the surface. When the indoor temperature is too high, turn on the fan, the water curtain circulating pump, and the water curtain outward turning window, close the top window, and let the outdoor air pass through the water curtain to achieve the purpose of cooling. The area of the wet curtain is set according to the greenhouse area. The height of the wet curtain is 1.5 m, the length is 8 m, and the thickness is 0.1 m. This system generally reduces the indoor high temperature by 3℃~7℃ compared with the outdoor high temperature.
5. Supplemental light system The light in the glass greenhouse is a necessary factor for photosynthesis of plants, and it is especially important for light-loving crops. The greenhouse is equipped with Philips agricultural biological supplementary light sodium lamps. The agronomic sodium lamp is a high-intensity sodium gas lamp designed for the horticultural market. It can provide an ideal spectral distribution that matches the needs of plant growth. It is not only aimed at the light and effect, but also creates an accuracy for the growth of natural plants. The energy balance of "blue" and "red" and the improvement of spectral distribution make the environment of crop growth better controlled, and the crops grow better and with higher quality.
6. High-pressure mist spray system The design of the glass greenhouse adopts upper sprinkler irrigation (mist spray system). The spray diameter of each nozzle is about 2.5 meters. Due to the principle of high pressure and refraction, the water flow is atomized, which can be used for irrigation or Play a role in cooling and humidifying in summer. When water evaporates, it can absorb a large amount of heat and reduce the temperature of the surrounding environment. The high-pressure spray system adopts this principle. Using a mist generating unit, the water passes through the high-pressure pipeline to produce 1-15 micron water droplets from the nozzle. The droplets can suspend and float in the air for a long time until they absorb enough heat to evaporate.
7. Indoor heating system The glass greenhouse is designed with supporting electric heating equipment. The principle of electric heat conversion is mainly used to heat water through heating equipment. Two layers of hot-dip galvanized fin radiators are installed around the greenhouse, and 1.2-inch light pipes are installed under each seedbed. Two radiators form an indoor heating system, which is heated by heating to create a temperature environment necessary for crop growth. Water heating is used, hot water is used as the heat source, the room temperature drops slowly, the heat dissipation is uniform, and it will not have a severe local impact on the crop.
8. Electric control system The glass greenhouse adopts an electric control system (with manual and electric mutual switching functions). The control system has incoming call instructions, stop and work instructions, and the greenhouse sockets are equipped with leakage protection circuit breakers. The greenhouse uses three levels of electricity, and the entire greenhouse uses the TN-S system. All non-conductive parts of the iron parts are properly connected and bridged.
9. Environmental monitoring equipment In response to the needs of scientific research in glass greenhouses, one environmental monitoring equipment is installed in each area, and real-time sensory environmental data is uploaded to the server wirelessly in a period of 10 minutes. The equipment integrates the application of mainstream foreign high-precision sensors, including soil moisture, soil temperature, air temperature, air humidity, solar radiation, etc. Other monitoring indicators can also be expanded according to research needs.
10. Internet of Things remote control terminal Glass greenhouse is based on the existing on-site electric control system. Each area is equipped with 1 Internet of Things remote control terminal. By incorporating the on-site electric control system, various electric control equipment in each area of the greenhouse can be realized. For remote control, users can access the Internet of Things monitoring platform through a computer, or realize remote control through smart phone application software.
11. Automatic weather monitoring terminal A set of automatic weather monitoring terminals supporting the Internet of Things is installed outside the glass greenhouse to provide synchronized external environmental reference data for scientific research in each area of the greenhouse. Monitoring indicators include: air temperature, humidity, soil temperature, soil moisture, solar radiation, carbon dioxide concentration, wind speed, wind direction, rainfall and other 9 types of factors. It supports wireless network access and uploads external weather data to the service platform every 10 minutes.
12. Remote video monitoring system Each area of the glass greenhouse is equipped with a high-definition (megapixel level) infrared web camera, which supports functions such as patrol, focal length stretching, rotation, and photography through the PTZ. Deploy a video network system and access the regional network to support functions such as remote crop growth monitoring and crop growth process photo storage by scientific researchers through platform websites and mobile terminals. The application of the intelligent greenhouse technology of the Internet of Things will change the status quo of high agricultural production costs and low efficiency in China, make agricultural production move towards scale, industrialization, and intelligence, promote the transformation of China's traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, and promote the development of China's agriculture.
Its main functions are as follows:
