The use of eggplant grafting technology can prevent soil-borne diseases, which are both high-yield and disease-resistant, especially fusarium wilt, verticillium wilt, bacterial wilt and root nematodes that affect eggplants. The grafting cultivation techniques are as follows:
1. The choice of rootstock and scion varieties
Grafting eggplants should choose high-yield and high-quality varieties, as well as good compatibility; rootstocks can choose Riyahui, Abbot, Jingfeng 808, Torubam and other varieties; scion adopts domestic excellent varieties, such as Huazi No. 8, Yuehao 919, Haifeng Changqi No. 5, Changhongqi No. 8 and so on.
2. Rootstock and scion are planted at a staggered date, which is to sow the rootstock first and then sow the scion later.
Rootstocks are usually sown 15-20 days earlier than scions. Grafting of autumn eggplants in greenhouses generally adopts seedling cultivation in early June, grafting in early August, and planting in mid-September.
3. Seed soaking and germination
Soak the rootstock seeds first and then germinate. For example, tolubam is not easy to germinate due to the small seeds, put the seeds in a small cloth bag with good air permeability and tie them, soak them in clean water for 48 hours, then remove them, and place them on the kang head under the condition of 20-30 ℃ for variable temperature treatment. , After about 7 days before budding. Scion seeds must be strictly disinfected, soaked with 50% carbendazim 500 times solution for 1-2 days, then removed and treated according to conventional soaking and germination methods.
4. Seeding
In order to prevent damping-off and fusarium wilt at the seedling stage, use a prepared 50% carbendazim 500 times solution to disinfect the soil until it is sprayed through. Then, evenly sown the rootstock seeds that have been sprouting in the border, cover 1-1.5 cm with soil, and the seedlings will emerge within 3-7 days. At this time, the scion seeds are soaked, germination treatment and sowing are started. The bed of scion seeds should be strictly disinfected by disinfecting with 500-800 times solution of peroxyacetic acid, and sowing can be carried out after 7-10 hours.
5. Seedling division and management
The rootstock and scion seedlings are divided into seedlings when 2 to 3 true leaves are grown, and the rootstock seedlings are transplanted into nutrient soil, which is decomposed high-quality organic fertilizer. Water well when transplanting, proper shading after transplanting to reduce the slowing time. When the rootstock seedling grows 5-7 true leaves and the scion grows to 4-6 leaves, it can be grafted.
6. Grafting method
The grafting method is split. Cut the rootstock from the root with 2-3 leaves and cut the seedlings longitudinally from the cross section to a depth of 1 cm. Cut the scion from the top with 2-3 leaves, and then cut it from the upper part. Cut both sides of the place into a split shape, and then put the scion into the rootstock to make the joints consistent and clamp it firmly with grafting tongs.
7. Management of grafted seedlings
The survival rate of grafted seedlings depends on the management after grafting. 9-10 days after grafting is the wound healing period. The key to management during this period is temperature, humidity and light. After grafting, the relative humidity should be closed, shaded and moisturized, and the relative humidity should be around 90%, and the temperature should be 25-26℃ during the day and 20-22℃ at night. Frequent inspections should be carried out to find that the rootstock buds should be removed completely, and measures should be taken for grafted seedlings with inconsistent survival to achieve consistent growth in preparation for planting.
8. Management of colonization
Planting at the right time, usually in mid-September, and preparing for the sheds of the platform before planting. Fertilizers should be applied in the greenhouse, 500 kilograms of decomposed high-quality farm manure, 15 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer, and 15 kilograms of potassium sulfate fertilizer per mu, and then deep raking. The row spacing of high-ridge cultivation is 60 cm, and the plant spacing is 50 cm. After planting, strengthen field management and water every 5 days. The temperature should be kept at 25-30℃ during the day and 15-18℃ at night, and topdressing should be carried out in time. While preserving flowers and fruits, pruning and racking should be carried out. And the morning market.
