In the ranking of global agricultural powers, the Netherlands, which steadily ranks in the top three, has always maintained good results. The Global Agricultural Research Office of "Agriculture and Art" has always maintained a research mentality on Dutch agriculture.
In 2017, Dutch agricultural exports were 113.5 billion U.S. dollars, second only to the U.S. at 140.5 billion U.S. dollars. Among the top five agricultural exporting countries in the world (the United States, the Netherlands, Germany, France, and Brazil), the Netherlands has the highest latitude and the smallest land area, only 1/16 of that of France. The Netherlands is a world leader in the seed industry, with an export value of nearly US$1.7 billion in 2016, but there are no genetically modified seeds. Tomatoes are originally produced in the Americas and are tropical crops, but the Dutch export volume of tomatoes can steadily rank first in the world, exporting more than 2 billion U.S. dollars a year. In China’s greenhouses, tomato production is 10 to 15 kg per square meter, but the Netherlands can reach 70 to 80 kg.
The reason for these achievements is the Dutch smart greenhouse.
(1) Greenhouse heating
Take the tomato greenhouse as an example. The heating method of tomato production in the Dutch greenhouse is mainly heated by hot water pipes, and the hot water pipes at the bottom of the greenhouse are also used as the traveling track of the rail car. The hot water in the Netherlands is mainly heated by natural gas boilers, which are automatically controlled by a computer, and the heating boiler can be turned on or off at any time to meet the temperature conditions in the greenhouse.
(2) Greenhouse ventilation and cooling
The Dutch greenhouse ventilation and cooling system mainly includes greenhouse skylights, circulating fans, internal shading and other equipment. The ventilation and cooling in the greenhouse are mainly realized by opening the skylights on the roof of the greenhouse. The modern multi-span greenhouse can control whether the skylight is opened and the opening angle according to factors such as time, temperature in the greenhouse, external light conditions, indoor humidity conditions and other factors.
In order to ensure the uniform climate in the greenhouse, the Dutch greenhouse is generally equipped with an internal air circulation system, which is turned on or off according to the temperature changes in different locations in the greenhouse, so that the climate in the greenhouse is maintained in a stable and balanced state; to prevent the temperature in the greenhouse in summer Too high, generally Dutch greenhouses are also equipped with internal shading, which doubles as an insulation screen in winter, which is turned on when the light intensity is high and the temperature is high in summer to prevent the temperature in the greenhouse from being too high.
(3) Carbon dioxide concentration management
The Dutch greenhouse production is equipped with a carbon dioxide humidification system, which can maintain the carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse at about 900 μmol/mol and increase the output by more than 30%. Carbon dioxide is produced by heating in natural gas boilers and is an accessory to greenhouse heating.
(4) Monitoring and early warning mechanism
The plant protection specialist of the farm regularly monitors pests and diseases every week, and if a disease occurs or the pest exceeds the scope of natural enemy control, pesticides will be used for control in a timely manner. For example, the whitefly is monitored by a yellow board. The size of the yellow board is 25cm×10cm. If the number of whitefly on the same yellow board increases by more than 80 per piece in two weeks, chemical control methods are used for control. Through regular monitoring, formulate the best control strategy to effectively improve the control effect.
In addition, some farms also use a combination of planting and breeding, such as straw used to feed insects, insects used to feed animals, and by-products used to produce organic fertilizer, thus forming a closed circular agricultural ecosystem. Waste heat from the aquaculture industry can heat the rooftop greenhouse in winter.
It is not an exaggeration to say that the Dutch facility agriculture is the top level in the world. If you have just visited the Netherlands without any facility agriculture foundation, you will want to "operate" immediately after returning to your country, and the result will be "losing your wife and breaking down."
